Pressure sores, also known as bedsores, “are injuries to the skin and the tissue below the skin that are due to pressure on the skin for a long time. Bedsores most often arise on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone. Bedsores also are called pressure ulcers, pressure injuries and decubitus ulcers” (Mayo Clinic). Seniors with limited mobility, which makes them unable to change positions while spending most of their time in a bed or chair, are most at risk for developing pressure sores. Pressure sores can be painful or itchy. They can also become infected when they turn into open sores, which is why it is imperative that they prevented.
Understanding Pressure Sores
Pressure sores occur when pressure limits blood flow to the skin or cuts it off completely. Without blood flow, a pressure wound can appear in as little as two hours (Cleveland Clinic).
Seniors are at a greater risk of developing pressure sores since skin thins as we age, making it easier to injure. Lack of proper hydration and nutrition might also contribute to skin damage. Lack of activity, pain, and incontinence are also factors (Better Health Channel).
Pressure sores most commonly occur in these areas:
- Ankles
- Back
- Buttocks
- Elbows
- Heels
- Hips
- Tailbone
Prevention Strategies
- Regular Assessment and Monitoring:
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- Implement a consistent pressure sore risk assessment tool such as the Braden Scale, Norton Scale, or Waterlow Scale
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- Conduct regular skin inspections, especially in high-risk areas
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- Document findings and interventions
- Skin Care:
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- Promote proper hygiene and skin cleansing
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- Use appropriate moisturizers to prevent dryness
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- Inspect for signs of skin breakdown or irritation
- Positioning and Repositioning:
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- Encourage frequent position changes to relieve pressure points
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- Use assistive devices (pillows, wedges) to maintain proper alignment
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- Develop a repositioning schedule and ensure staff adherence
- Nutrition and Hydration:
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- Ensure adequate intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals for tissue repair
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- Monitor fluid intake to prevent dehydration
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- Consider consulting a registered dietitian for personalized nutrition plans
- Pressure-Reducing Surfaces:
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- Evaluate the effectiveness of existing mattresses and support surfaces
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- Consider using specialized pressure-relieving mattresses or overlays
- Staff Education and Training:
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- Provide ongoing training on pressure sore prevention and management
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- Emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention
